See kirk on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ḱewh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱewh₁-"
],
[
"*ḱuh₁ryós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱuh₁ryós"
],
[
"*kúrios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/kúrios"
],
[
"κῡ́ριος",
"κύριος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*-kos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives"
],
[
"*-kos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/-kos"
],
[
"-κός",
"-κός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"-ακός",
"-ακός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"κῡριακός",
"κυριακός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*-om",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-om"
],
[
"-ον",
"-ον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"κῡρῐᾰκόν",
"κυριακόν#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*kirikā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kirikā"
],
[
"ċiriċe",
"cirice#Old_English"
],
[
"kirkja",
"kirkja#Old_Norse"
],
[
"kirke",
"kirke#Middle_English"
],
[
"kirke",
"kirke#Middle_English"
],
[
"kirkja",
"kirkja#Old_Norse"
],
[
"ċiriċe",
"cirice#Old_English"
],
[
"*kirikā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kirikā"
],
[
"κῡρῐᾰκόν",
"κυριακόν#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"κῡριακός",
"κυριακός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"-ον",
"-ον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"church",
"church#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm-nor:kirke",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁ryós\nProto-Hellenic *kúrios\nAncient Greek κῡ́ριος (kū́rios)\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Hellenic *-kos\nAncient Greek -κός (-kós)\nAncient Greek -ακός (-akós)\nKoine Greek κῡριακός (kūriakós)nom.\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Hellenic *-on\nAncient Greek -ον (-on)\nKoine Greek κῡρῐᾰκόν (kūrĭăkón)bor.\nProto-West Germanic *kirikā\nOld English ċiriċebor.\nOld Norse kirkjabor.\nNorthern Middle English kirke\nEnglish kirk\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱewh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱuh₁ryós\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*kúrios\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"κῡ́ριος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-κός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ακός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Koine Greek\", \"term\" : \"κῡριακός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc-koi\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-on\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-om\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ον\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Koine Greek\", \"term\" : \"κῡρῐᾰκόν\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc-koi\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kirikā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ċiriċe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"kirkja\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Northern Middle English\", \"term\" : \"kirke\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm-nor\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"kirk\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"kirk\">\nInherited from Northern Middle English kirke, borrowed from Old Norse kirkja, borrowed from Old English ċiriċe, from Proto-West Germanic *kirikā, borrowed from Koine Greek κῡρῐᾰκόν (kūrĭăkón), a nominalization of κῡριακός (kūriakós), or from Ancient Greek -ον (-on).",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "church"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of church",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁ryós\nProto-Hellenic *kúrios\nAncient Greek κῡ́ριος (kū́rios)\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Hellenic *-kos\nAncient Greek -κός (-kós)\nAncient Greek -ακός (-akós)\nKoine Greek κῡριακός (kūriakós)nom.\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Hellenic *-on\nAncient Greek -ον (-on)\nKoine Greek κῡρῐᾰκόν (kūrĭăkón)bor.\nProto-West Germanic *kirikā\nOld English ċiriċebor.\nOld Norse kirkjabor.\nNorthern Middle English kirke\nEnglish kirk\nInherited from Northern Middle English kirke, borrowed from Old Norse kirkja, borrowed from Old English ċiriċe, from Proto-West Germanic *kirikā, borrowed from Koine Greek κῡρῐᾰκόν (kūrĭăkón), a nominalization of κῡριακός (kūriakós), or from Ancient Greek -ον (-on). Doublet of church.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kirks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kyrk",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kirk (plural kirks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places of worship",
"orig": "en:Places of worship",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "58 36 1 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 38 1 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Free Kirk"
},
{
"word": "Kirby"
},
{
"word": "Kirk Bramwith"
},
{
"word": "kirkbuzzer"
},
{
"word": "Kirkby"
},
{
"word": "Kirk Ella"
},
{
"word": "kirkgarth"
},
{
"word": "kirkgoer"
},
{
"word": "Kirk Hammerton"
},
{
"word": "Kirkinch"
},
{
"word": "Kirkist"
},
{
"word": "Kirkland"
},
{
"word": "kirkland"
},
{
"word": "kirklike"
},
{
"word": "kirkmaister"
},
{
"word": "kirkman"
},
{
"word": "kirkmaster"
},
{
"word": "Kirk Merrington"
},
{
"word": "Kirkmichael"
},
{
"word": "Kirk Michael"
},
{
"word": "Kirk Sandall"
},
{
"word": "kirk-session"
},
{
"word": "Kirk Smeaton"
},
{
"word": "Kirkton"
},
{
"word": "kirktown"
},
{
"word": "kirk-town"
},
{
"word": "kirkyard"
},
{
"word": "Kirk Yetholm"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
77,
81
]
],
"ref": "1798, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner:",
"text": "The Ship was cheer'd, the Harbour clear'd— / Merrily did we drop / Below the Kirk, below the Hill, / Below the Light-house top.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
25
]
],
"ref": "1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:",
"text": "When she sang in the kirk, folk have told me that they had a foretaste of the musick of the New Jerusalem, and when she came in by the village of Caulds old men stottered to their doors to look at her.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
186,
190
]
],
"ref": "1941 January, C. Hamilton Ellis, “The Scottish Station”, in Railway Magazine, page 3:",
"text": "But long, long ago an enthusiastic reporter called it a \"fairy palace,\" and the office building on the west side was once a church. Hence, in North British phraseology, to \"gang tae the Kirk\" meant to be had up on the carpet.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A church."
],
"id": "en-kirk-en-noun-yZEj008f",
"links": [
[
"church",
"church"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern England and Scotland) A church."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɜːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɜɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-kirk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-us-kirk.ogg/En-us-kirk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-us-kirk.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔʶːk/",
"tags": [
"Northumbria"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪɾk/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)k"
}
],
"word": "kirk"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "kirk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "kirke"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of kirke"
],
"id": "en-kirk-enm-noun-GMuKVYLH",
"links": [
[
"kirke",
"kirke#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "kirk"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"kirk",
"kirk#Middle_Scots"
],
[
"kirke",
"kirke#Middle_English"
],
[
"kirkja",
"kirkja#Old_Norse"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-msc",
"3": "kirk",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots kirk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-msc",
"3": "kirk"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Scots kirk",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm-nor",
"3": "kirke"
},
"expansion": "Northern Middle English kirke",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "non",
"3": "kirkja"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kirkja",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Scots kirk, from Northern Middle English kirke, borrowed from Old Norse kirkja.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kirks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "kirks",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"checkredlinks": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kirk (plural kirks)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kirk (plural kirks)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"church"
],
"id": "en-kirk-sco-noun-utuPEn4D",
"links": [
[
"church",
"church"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"temple"
],
"id": "en-kirk-sco-noun-Z0JYAb8a",
"links": [
[
"temple",
"temple"
]
]
}
],
"word": "kirk"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"kirk",
"kirk#Middle_Scots"
],
[
"kirke",
"kirke#Middle_English"
],
[
"kirkja",
"kirkja#Old_Norse"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-msc",
"3": "kirk",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots kirk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-msc",
"3": "kirk"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Scots kirk",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm-nor",
"3": "kirke"
},
"expansion": "Northern Middle English kirke",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "non",
"3": "kirkja"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kirkja",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Scots kirk, from Northern Middle English kirke, borrowed from Old Norse kirkja.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kirks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kirkin",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kirkit",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kirkit",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirks",
"name": "sco-verb/getPres3rdSg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkin",
"name": "sco-verb/getPresP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPastP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPastP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPastP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "kirks",
"5": "present participle",
"6": "kirkin",
"7": "simple past and past participle",
"8": "kirkit",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kirk (third-person singular simple present kirks, present participle kirkin, simple past and past participle kirkit)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit"
},
"expansion": "kirk (third-person singular simple present kirks, present participle kirkin, simple past and past participle kirkit)",
"name": "sco-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to bring to church for burial"
],
"id": "en-kirk-sco-verb-6t4IUP9L",
"links": [
[
"burial",
"burial"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to bring to church for burial"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kirkit"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "kirk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Free Kirk"
},
{
"word": "Kirby"
},
{
"word": "Kirk Bramwith"
},
{
"word": "kirkbuzzer"
},
{
"word": "Kirkby"
},
{
"word": "Kirk Ella"
},
{
"word": "kirkgarth"
},
{
"word": "kirkgoer"
},
{
"word": "Kirk Hammerton"
},
{
"word": "Kirkinch"
},
{
"word": "Kirkist"
},
{
"word": "Kirkland"
},
{
"word": "kirkland"
},
{
"word": "kirklike"
},
{
"word": "kirkmaister"
},
{
"word": "kirkman"
},
{
"word": "kirkmaster"
},
{
"word": "Kirk Merrington"
},
{
"word": "Kirkmichael"
},
{
"word": "Kirk Michael"
},
{
"word": "Kirk Sandall"
},
{
"word": "kirk-session"
},
{
"word": "Kirk Smeaton"
},
{
"word": "Kirkton"
},
{
"word": "kirktown"
},
{
"word": "kirk-town"
},
{
"word": "kirkyard"
},
{
"word": "Kirk Yetholm"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ḱewh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱewh₁-"
],
[
"*ḱuh₁ryós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱuh₁ryós"
],
[
"*kúrios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/kúrios"
],
[
"κῡ́ριος",
"κύριος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*-kos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives"
],
[
"*-kos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/-kos"
],
[
"-κός",
"-κός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"-ακός",
"-ακός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"κῡριακός",
"κυριακός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*-om",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-om"
],
[
"-ον",
"-ον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"κῡρῐᾰκόν",
"κυριακόν#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*kirikā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kirikā"
],
[
"ċiriċe",
"cirice#Old_English"
],
[
"kirkja",
"kirkja#Old_Norse"
],
[
"kirke",
"kirke#Middle_English"
],
[
"kirke",
"kirke#Middle_English"
],
[
"kirkja",
"kirkja#Old_Norse"
],
[
"ċiriċe",
"cirice#Old_English"
],
[
"*kirikā",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kirikā"
],
[
"κῡρῐᾰκόν",
"κυριακόν#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"κῡριακός",
"κυριακός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"-ον",
"-ον#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"church",
"church#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm-nor:kirke",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁ryós\nProto-Hellenic *kúrios\nAncient Greek κῡ́ριος (kū́rios)\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Hellenic *-kos\nAncient Greek -κός (-kós)\nAncient Greek -ακός (-akós)\nKoine Greek κῡριακός (kūriakós)nom.\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Hellenic *-on\nAncient Greek -ον (-on)\nKoine Greek κῡρῐᾰκόν (kūrĭăkón)bor.\nProto-West Germanic *kirikā\nOld English ċiriċebor.\nOld Norse kirkjabor.\nNorthern Middle English kirke\nEnglish kirk\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱewh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱuh₁ryós\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*kúrios\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"κῡ́ριος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-κός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ακός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Koine Greek\", \"term\" : \"κῡριακός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc-koi\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-on\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-om\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ον\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Koine Greek\", \"term\" : \"κῡρῐᾰκόν\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc-koi\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kirikā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ċiriċe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"kirkja\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Northern Middle English\", \"term\" : \"kirke\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm-nor\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"kirk\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"kirk\">\nInherited from Northern Middle English kirke, borrowed from Old Norse kirkja, borrowed from Old English ċiriċe, from Proto-West Germanic *kirikā, borrowed from Koine Greek κῡρῐᾰκόν (kūrĭăkón), a nominalization of κῡριακός (kūriakós), or from Ancient Greek -ον (-on).",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "church"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of church",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-der.\nProto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁ryós\nProto-Hellenic *kúrios\nAncient Greek κῡ́ριος (kū́rios)\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Hellenic *-kos\nAncient Greek -κός (-kós)\nAncient Greek -ακός (-akós)\nKoine Greek κῡριακός (kūriakós)nom.\nProto-Indo-European *-om\nProto-Hellenic *-on\nAncient Greek -ον (-on)\nKoine Greek κῡρῐᾰκόν (kūrĭăkón)bor.\nProto-West Germanic *kirikā\nOld English ċiriċebor.\nOld Norse kirkjabor.\nNorthern Middle English kirke\nEnglish kirk\nInherited from Northern Middle English kirke, borrowed from Old Norse kirkja, borrowed from Old English ċiriċe, from Proto-West Germanic *kirikā, borrowed from Koine Greek κῡρῐᾰκόν (kūrĭăkón), a nominalization of κῡριακός (kūriakós), or from Ancient Greek -ον (-on). Doublet of church.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kirks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kyrk",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kirk (plural kirks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Koine Greek",
"English terms derived from Northern Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱewh₁-",
"English terms inherited from Northern Middle English",
"English terms with quotations",
"Northern England English",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)k",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)k/1 syllable",
"Scottish English",
"en:Places of worship"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
77,
81
]
],
"ref": "1798, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner:",
"text": "The Ship was cheer'd, the Harbour clear'd— / Merrily did we drop / Below the Kirk, below the Hill, / Below the Light-house top.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
25
]
],
"ref": "1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:",
"text": "When she sang in the kirk, folk have told me that they had a foretaste of the musick of the New Jerusalem, and when she came in by the village of Caulds old men stottered to their doors to look at her.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
186,
190
]
],
"ref": "1941 January, C. Hamilton Ellis, “The Scottish Station”, in Railway Magazine, page 3:",
"text": "But long, long ago an enthusiastic reporter called it a \"fairy palace,\" and the office building on the west side was once a church. Hence, in North British phraseology, to \"gang tae the Kirk\" meant to be had up on the carpet.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A church."
],
"links": [
[
"church",
"church"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern England and Scotland) A church."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɜːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɜɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-kirk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-us-kirk.ogg/En-us-kirk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-us-kirk.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔʶːk/",
"tags": [
"Northumbria"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɪɾk/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)k"
}
],
"word": "kirk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "kirk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "kirke"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of kirke"
],
"links": [
[
"kirke",
"kirke#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "kirk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots nouns",
"Scots terms derived from Middle Scots",
"Scots terms derived from Northern Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old Norse",
"Scots terms inherited from Middle Scots",
"Scots terms inherited from Northern Middle English",
"Scots verbs"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"kirk",
"kirk#Middle_Scots"
],
[
"kirke",
"kirke#Middle_English"
],
[
"kirkja",
"kirkja#Old_Norse"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-msc",
"3": "kirk",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots kirk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-msc",
"3": "kirk"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Scots kirk",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm-nor",
"3": "kirke"
},
"expansion": "Northern Middle English kirke",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "non",
"3": "kirkja"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kirkja",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Scots kirk, from Northern Middle English kirke, borrowed from Old Norse kirkja.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kirks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "kirks",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"checkredlinks": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kirk (plural kirks)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kirk (plural kirks)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"church"
],
"links": [
[
"church",
"church"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"temple"
],
"links": [
[
"temple",
"temple"
]
]
}
],
"word": "kirk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots nouns",
"Scots terms derived from Middle Scots",
"Scots terms derived from Northern Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old Norse",
"Scots terms inherited from Middle Scots",
"Scots terms inherited from Northern Middle English",
"Scots verbs"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"kirk",
"kirk#Middle_Scots"
],
[
"kirke",
"kirke#Middle_English"
],
[
"kirkja",
"kirkja#Old_Norse"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-msc",
"3": "kirk",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots kirk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-msc",
"3": "kirk"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Scots kirk",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm-nor",
"3": "kirke"
},
"expansion": "Northern Middle English kirke",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "non",
"3": "kirkja"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kirkja",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Scots kirk, from Northern Middle English kirke, borrowed from Old Norse kirkja.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kirks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kirkin",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kirkit",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kirkit",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirks",
"name": "sco-verb/getPres3rdSg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkin",
"name": "sco-verb/getPresP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPastP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPastP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPastP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "kirks",
"5": "present participle",
"6": "kirkin",
"7": "simple past and past participle",
"8": "kirkit",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kirk (third-person singular simple present kirks, present participle kirkin, simple past and past participle kirkit)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit"
},
"expansion": "kirk (third-person singular simple present kirks, present participle kirkin, simple past and past participle kirkit)",
"name": "sco-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "kirkit"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Scots transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to bring to church for burial"
],
"links": [
[
"burial",
"burial"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to bring to church for burial"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "kirk"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kirk meaning in All languages combined (16.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.